Why operators use it
It may be intentional or accidental, on-frequency or adjacent-channel, and can result from poor operating, splatter, harmonics, overloaded receivers, or unrelated emitters.
Where the contact goes wrong
Calling every noise source QRM confuses it with QRN, and arguing with an interferer on air usually creates more interference.
A cleaner operating method
Confirm receiver settings and signal quality, identify whether the source is another transmission, move or narrow bandwidth when practical, document persistent problems, and follow the proper coordination or reporting process.
Use current software and radio documentation, published band plans, applicable licensing rules, and the lowest power that closes the path. A decode, map position, or automated exchange does not by itself prove end-to-end communication.
